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Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life, marking the end of the reproductive period. It generally occurs around the age of 50, but some women may experience it much earlier. It is referred to as early menopause when it occurs before the age of 40. Although rare, this situation can be destabilizing, both physically and emotionally. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the signs in order to consult quickly and consider appropriate support.
Understanding Early Menopause
Definition and Possible Causes
Early menopause refers to the premature cessation of ovarian activity, leading to the disappearance of menstruation. It can be caused by genetics, autoimmune conditions, medical treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), or it may be idiopathic, meaning no identifiable cause.
Low but Significant Incidence
It is estimated that around 1 to 2% of women experience menopause before the age of 40. Although uncommon, it can have significant consequences on fertility, bone health, cardiovascular health, and psychological well-being.
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Recognizing the Signs
Menstrual Cycle Irregularities
One of the first warning signs is menstrual irregularity: periods become more spaced out, lighter, or, conversely, suddenly very irregular. An absence of periods for several months should raise concern.
Typical Menopause Symptoms
Hot flashes, night sweats, persistent fatigue, insomnia, irritability, decreased libido, and concentration issues—these symptoms can appear early and suggest a hormonal imbalance.
Vaginal Dryness
The decrease in estrogen leads to reduced hydration of the mucous membranes, causing discomfort or pain during intercourse, as well as daily intimate discomfort.
Unexplained Weight Gain or Loss
Weight fluctuations, often accompanied by a slower metabolism or a change in fat distribution, may also be observed.
When to Consult?
The Importance of Early Diagnosis
If in doubt, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. A hormonal test will confirm the diagnosis of early menopause and help identify its causes.
Necessary Examinations
Hormonal tests (FSH, LH, estradiol) are required, and if necessary, a pelvic ultrasound or other examinations depending on the medical context.
Health Consequences
Risk of Infertility
Early menopause significantly reduces the chances of natural pregnancy. However, in some cases, medical assistance for conception or egg donation may be considered.
Bone and Cardiovascular Health
The drop in estrogen increases the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular events. Early management can help prevent these complications.
Psychological Impact
This sudden stage can be experienced as painful. Psychological support, either individually or in groups, may sometimes be necessary to help with identity and emotional upheavals.
Treatment Options
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
HRT can be recommended to address hormonal deficiencies until the typical age of menopause. It helps alleviate symptoms and prevent bone and cardiovascular complications.
Complementary Approaches
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A balanced diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and the use of certain herbs can also help improve overall well-being.
Early menopause is a reality that, although rare, requires special attention. By recognizing the signs early and consulting promptly, it is possible to take action to preserve health, emotional balance, and, in some cases, fertility. Appropriate and supportive care allows women affected to better navigate this often unexpected transition and regain a peaceful and fulfilling quality of life.
